The Origin of King Siliwangi
Sri Baduga Maharaja (Queen Jayadewata) government initiated Pajajaran age, who ruled for 39 years (1482-1521). At this time Pakuan peak of its development.
In the inscription Batutulis reported that Sri Baduga crowned twice, the first when Jayadewata receive Galuh throne of his father (King of Gods Void) and then hold a King Master Dewapranata.
The second was when he accepted the throne of the Kingdom of Sunda-in-law, a single implant. With these events, he became ruler of the Sunda-Galuh and heard his Sri Baduga crowned Queen of Hajj in the kingdom of Maharaja Pakuan Sri Pajajaran the Queen of Gods. So, once again and for the last time, after a "quiet" for 149 years, West Java re-watched the procession royal entourage who migrated from east to west. To write removals royal family situation can be seen in the Queen Pajajaran emigration.
King Siliwangi
In West Java, Sri Baduga is better known by the name of King Siliwangi. Siliwangi name was recorded in 630 as the play Kropak rhyme. The manuscript was written in 1518 when Sri Baduga still alive. The play King Siliwangi in various versions cored story this character became king in Pakuan. The incident meant in terms of history when Sri Baduga have power equal to Wastu Kancana (grandfather) aka King Fragrance (according to the view of the poet Sunda).
According to old tradition, people should not be reluctant to mention the title or the true king, the scribe rhyme popularized the term Siliwangi. With a name that he is known in the literature Sunda. Wangsakerta also revealed that Siliwangi not a personal name, he wrote:
"Kawalya ta wwang Sunda lawan ika wwang Carbon mwang sakweh ira wwang Jawa Kulwan anyebuta Prabhu Siliwangi raja Pajajaran. Dadyeka dudu ngaran swaraga nira".
English: Only the Sundanese and Cirebon in West Java, and all those who call King Siliwangi Pajajaran king. So the name was not a personal name.
youth
When young Sri Baduga known as knights brave and agile, in fact the only one that ever beat Queen Japura (Amok Murugul) while competing memperbutkan Subanglarang (second wife of King Siliwangi Muslim). In many ways, his contemporaries thought of the greatness of his late great-grandfather (King Maharaja Linga Buana) who died in Bubat who dubbed King Wangi.
About it, Reader Rajyarajya i Bhumi Nusantara II / 2 reveals that the Sundanese considered as a replacement for King Baduga Sri Wangi, in reparation has been lost. The text contains the following (meaning only):
Well, people do not notice this difference Sundanese thus considered as the son of King Siliwangi Wastu Kancana (King Anggalarang). But in Carita Parahiyangan mentioned that Niskala Wastu Kancana was "seuweu" King fragrance. Why god Void (father Sri Baduga) dilewat? It is due only to God Void Galuh ruler. In this connection Sri Baduga figure is the successor to "directly" from Wastu Kancana. According to the Library Rajyarajya I Bhumi Nusantara II / 4, and father-in-law Sri Baduga (Void Gods and Susuktunggal) simply titled King, while Jayadewata title of Maharaja (just like his grandfather as ruler Wastu Kancana-Galuh Sunda).
Thus, as stated Amir Sutaarga (1965), Sri Baduga was considered a "penance" (substitute) Fragrant King Wastu Kancana (by Prince Wangsakerta called King Wangisutah). "Reparation" within the meaning of this power by the poets chronicle as a change of generations later taken directly from father to son so the son of King Siliwangi considered Wastu Kancana.
Policy In Social Life
The first action taken by the Sri Baduga after officially crowned king is to fulfill the mandate of his grandfather (Wastu Kancana) delivered through his father (Ningrat Kancana) when he was a Mangkubumi in kawali. The contents of this message can be found in one of the inscriptions on the relics of Sri Baduga Kebantenan. It contained the following (meaning only):
Have a safe. It's a warning sign for Rahyang Niskala Wastu Kancana. Down to Rahyang Ningrat Kancana, then the next to His Majesty at Pakuan Pajajaran. Had to leave the capital in the capital in the Sunda Jayagiri and Sembawa.
Hopefully no one care. Do not incriminate the "dasa", "calagra", "cotton weigh", and "pare dongdang".
Then instructed the officers not to collect fees estuary. Because they are always dutiful and devoted himself to teaching. They are strict practice rules god.
With a firm here called "dayeuhan" (capital) in Jayagiri and Sunda Sembawa. The second population is exempt from dayeuh 4 kinds of taxes, namely 'dasa' (individual energy tax), "calagra" (collective labor tax), "weigh cotton" (cotton 10 piculs) and "pare dondang" (rice 1 shared load). In kropak 630, the order of the tax is dasa, calagra, "tribute", "Rheumatic panggeureus".
In 406 koropak mentioned that from the cage Wesi (now Bungbulang, Garut) must carry "sapuluh carangka cotton" (10 carangka = 10 piculs = 1 or by Coolsma weigh, weigh caeng 1) as a tribute to Pakuan each year. Cotton including tribute. So it does not apply to people as individuals, but rather to the local authorities.
"Pare dondang" called "panggeres Rheumatic". Panggeres is more the result or outcome freely without effort. Rheumatic is a former farm. Thus, rice-growing late (turiang) in the former fields after harvest and then abandoned because farmers opening new fields, to the right of the king or the local authorities (tohaan). Dongdang bear is a tool like "beds" were rectangular hollow rope or rod to enter the pole. Dondang should always stretchered. Because laces or stemmed, time stretchered always swinging so called "dondang" (swinging). Dondang was specifically used to carry items to the salvation or conduction procession. Therefore, the "pare dongdang" or "penggeres Rheumatic" stuff is more conduction.
Tax really is just energy tax in the form of "dasa" and "calagra" (The Majapahit called "walaghara = communal work forces.) Tasks that must be implemented for the benefit of the king are: fishing, hunting, maintaining drainage (ngikis ), working in the fields or in the "attack ageung" (which yield paddy fields in the kingdom reserved for official ceremonies).
In kropak 630 mentioned "wwang peasant devotion in Wado" (farmers subject to Wado). Wado or wadwa is royal warrior who led calagara. Calagara dasa system and this continued after the time of the kingdom. Netherlands in the country do not recognize this kind of system memanfaatkanna to "forced labor". Dasa shape changed to "Heerendiensten" (works on land owned by the ruler or dignitary). Calagara changed to "Algemeenediensten" (general service) or "Campongdiesnten" (village official) related to public interest, such as the maintenance of waterways, roads, houses jada and security. The first type without any reward, while the second type be conducted with rewards and eating. "Preangerstelsel" and "Cultuurstelsel" both of which were in the form of traditional cultivation system utilizing this energy tax.
In the late 19 th century shape changed to "play gawe" and applies to the village level. Because it is tax, there are penalties for those who melalaikannya. From here the Sundanese have proverbially "puraga tamba kadengda" (working simply to avoid punishment or dendaan). Forms dasa basically continue. In the village there is an obligation "gebagan" that worked in the fields bent and did the district works to the land of local dignitaries.
So "traditional mutual assistance in the form of working in the public interest on the orders of the head of the village", according to history is not mutual cooperation. It is traditional, but the basic idea is a tax in the form of labor. In the Library Yavadvipa called karyabhakti and well known in the Tarumanagara in the 5th century.
Edicts Sri Baduga other form of "piteket" as a direct command. It contained not only tax relief but also defining the limits of "kabuyutan" on Sunda Sembawa and Mount Samaya expressed as "headman kwikuan" which is also called the village fief, tax-free village.
The events during his reign
Some of the events according to historical sources:
Carita Parahiyangan
In historical sources, the government of Sri Baduga described thus:
"Purbatisi purbajati, where mo kadatangan my enemies enemy Ganal alit. Likes kreta lor pliers hit the South Kulon wetan kreta flavor. Lakibi dina ja Tan kreta urang Reya, ja grasping at sanghiyang punishment".
(Teachings of the ancestors upheld so that the arrival of the enemy, either a soldier or mental illness. Glad to prosper in the north, west and east. Which is not just households feel wealthy people are greedy for religious teaching).
Of text can be known, that at that time had a lot of people are turning Pajajaran religion (Islam) to abandon the old religion.
Library Nagara Kretabhumi parwa I sarga 2.
This text tells, that on 12 parts moonlit Caitra Saka year 1404, Sharif Hidayat stop sending tribute that should be brought each year to Pakuan Pajajaran. "Sharif Hidayat was the grandson of Sri Baduga Lara Santang. He was made king by oth (Prince Cakrabuana ) and became king of independent Pajajaran on Earth Sundanese (West Java) ".
When that Sri Baduga had just occupied the palace Bhima (formerly Surawisesa). Later reported that the Navy forces are strong Demak Cirebon port to menjada Pajajaran possible impending attack.
Hero Jagabaya along with 60 of his men were sent from Pakuan to Cirebon, not knowing Demak troop presence there. Jagabaya powerless against the combined forces Cirebon-Demak enormous amount. After conferring, finally Jagabaya menghamba and Islam.
The incident aroused the anger of Sri Baduga. Large army immediately prepared to invade Cirebon. But the troops can be prevented by Purohita (highest priest) Galih Purwa Ki palace. [Cirebon is a heritage area Cakrabuana (Walangsungsang) of the law (Ki Danusela) and surrounding areas inherited from his grandfather Ki Gedeng Tapa (father Subanglarang).
Cakrabuana himself crowned by Sri Baduga (prior to His Majesty) as a ruler with the title of Sri Mangana Cirebon. Since Sharif Hidayat crowned by Cakrabuana and still granddaughter Sri Baduga, hence the reason the attack could cancellation received by the ruler Pajajaran].
That is the situation facing Sri Baduga at the beginning of his reign. Understandable why he devotes attention to the development of religion, making trenches, strengthen the army, making roads and arrange performances (battle formation). [Pajajaran is a strong country on land, but at sea weak. According to Portuguese sources, throughout the kingdom, Pajajaran has roughly 100,000 soldiers. The king himself had an army of elephants as much as 40 tails. At sea, Pajajaran only has six 150 ton ship Jung and beberaa lankaras (?) For the sake of inter-island trade (at that kind of horse trading Pariaman 4,000 head / year)].
Situation became tense when the relationship Demak-Cirebon further confirmed by the marriage of the sons of both parties. There are four couples arranged marriage, namely:
Prince Hasanudin with Ratu Ayu Kirana (Purnamasidi).
Ratu Ayu with Prince Sabrang Lor.
Prince Jayakelana with Queen Pembayun.
Prince Bratakelana with Wulan Ayu Queen (Queen of Life).
Marriage Prince Sabrang Lor aka Jonah Ratu Ayu Abdul Kadir to happen 1511. As Sarjawala Senapati, commander of the navy, the kingdom of Demak, Sabrang Lor temporarily located in Cirebon.
Guild Cirebon-Demak is a very worrying Sri Baduga in Pakuan. In 1512, he sent his heir apparent contact Surawisesa Portuguese commander Alfonso d'Albuquerque in Malacca (when it had just failed to win the Port Pasai or Pasai Ocean). Instead Pajajaran efforts have also upset the Demak.
Prince Cakrabuana and Susuhunan Teak (Sharif Hidayat) Sri Baduga respect for each other as father and grandfather. Hence the enmity between Cirebon Pajajaran not evolve toward a crippling tensions government sectors. Sri Baduga just not happy relationship Demak Cirebon-too familiar, not the kingdom of Cirebon. Against Islam, he did not hate him because one of his queen, Subanglarang, is a Muslim and her three children - Walangsungsang aka Cakrabuana, Lara Santang, and King Sangara - allowed as a child to follow his mother's religion (Islam).
Because hostility does not continue in the direction of bloodshed, then each party can develop its own domestic circumstances. Thus the government of Sri Baduga depicted as welfare era (Carita Parahiyangan). Tome Pires joined Sri Baduga era made progress with the comment "The Kingdom of Sunda is justly governed; they are true men" (Sunda kingdom ruled by the fair, they are honest people).
Also reported trade with Malacca to the Sunda Islands Maldives (Maladiven). Number pepper can reach 1000 bahar (1 bahar = 3 piculs) a year, even results tammarin (tamarind) said enough to fill cargo ship 1000.
Manuscript of the Book of Jagat Waruga Sumedang and Pancakaki Problems Kabeh ancestor of Ciamis written in the 18th century in the Java language and the Arabic alphabet-Pegon still call it the reign of Sri Baduga with the gemuh Pakuan (prosperity Pakuan) so no wonder that only Sri Baduga which is then perpetuated his greatness by his successor in the days Pajajaran king.
Maharaja Sri Baduga aka King Siliwangi that the inscription referred Copper Kebantenan Susuhuna in Pakuan Pajajaran, ruled for 39 years (1482-1521). He called the Lumahing posthumously (The Mokteng) Rancamaya because he dipusarakan in Rancamaya.
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